drug metabolism的意思

美 / drʌɡ mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm / 英 / drʌɡ mɪˈtæbəˌlɪzəm /

药物代谢，药物代谢酌

drug metabolism的用法讲解

Drug metabolism, or biotransformation, is a process in which drugs are \"metabolized\" in the body, often to enhance their biological effects or to reduce their toxicity. It involves breaking down a drug into smaller molecules, known as metabolites, which can then be further broken down and excreted from the body. Drug metabolism occurs in all living organisms, but the process varies considerably between species.

Drugs are usually metabolized in the liver, where enzymes known as cytochrome P450s (CYPs) catalyze the reaction. In humans, the most commonly found cytochromes are CYP1A2, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP2C9. These enzymes are responsible for the majority of drug metabolism, but other tissues such as the small intestine, lungs, and skin also contribute.

Drug metabolism is an important factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety. Depending on the drug and its metabolites, metabolism can increase or decrease the drug's pharmacological effects or cause it to be toxic. This is why drugs are often metabolized differently in different individuals, and why some individuals may experience different side effects from a drug than others.

Drug metabolism can also affect the rate at which drugs are eliminated from the body. In some cases, drugs are metabolized more quickly than normal and may not remain in the body long enough to have their desired effect. Likewise, drugs are sometimes metabolized more slowly than expected, leading to a buildup of the drug in the body and an increased risk of adverse reactions.

In conclusion, drug metabolism is a complex process that can have a major impact on a drug's efficacy and safety. It is important to understand how a drug is metabolized in order to maximize its benefits and minimize the risk of side effects.